Parts of Any Human Ecosystem There are four components of human ecosystems: biological, physical, social, and built. They are all necessary categories for human ecosystems, by definition. The one-word label for each is a convenient shorthand that cannot instantly convey all the richness embodied in each one. The Parts have Parts Take “social,” for example. […]
Much that happens in cities — urban areas more broadly — is not obvious to the naked eye or to casual observation. The invisible things in urban social-ecological systems represent four key dimensions: social processes and their legacies; the built and technological structures and infrastructures; ecological structures and processes; and influences and events that arrive […]
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study has been a National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site since 1998. Visit other LTER sites.
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